Dr. Mathias Czaika

• Journal Articles³
• Books⁴
• Other publications⁵

Journal Articles

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2011

• Czaika, Mathias, Mayer, Amy
  Refugee Movements and Aid Responsiveness of Bilateral Donors¹²
  2011 J Dev Stud, volume: 47, issue: 3, pages: 455 - 474
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  Abstract

  This article analyses the impact of refugee migration movements on the long-term and short-term aid allocation decisions of bilateral donors. We distinguish between different types of forced migrants: internally displaced persons (IDPs) that stay in their country of origin, cross-border refugees that flee to neighboring countries, and asylum seekers in Western donor states. For the period 1992 to 2003, empirical evidence on 18 donor and 148 recipient countries suggests that short-term emergency aid is given to all types of refugee situations, but is predominantly directed towards the countries of origin. For long-term development aid, Western donor states allocate aid funds primarily to the sending-countries of asylum seekers.

2009

• Czaika, Mathias
  Asylum Cooperation Among Asymmetric Countries: The Case of the European Union
  2009 Eur Union Polit, volume: 10, issue: 1, pages: 89 - 113
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  Abstract

  This article argues that cooperation to tackle the consequences of large asylum migration inflows is possible only among fairly symmetrical countries. Highly asymmetric countries have no incentives to join and remain in a stable coalition. The distinction between cost and spillover asymmetries shows that financial transfers may release constraints on participation, and thus make asylum cooperation feasible, only if they are focused on tackling this asymmetry. This result becomes relevant when applied to the context of the enlarged European Union. I argue that there is the potential for a future cooperative burden-sharing regime for asylum, particularly if unanimity is replaced by the double majority principle in European Council votes, as suggested in the EU reform treaty.
• Czaika, Mathias, Kis-Katos, Krisztina
  Civil Conflict and Displacement - Village-Level Determinants of Forced Migration in Aceh¹³
  2009 J Peace Res, volume: 46, issue: 3, pages: 399 - 418
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  Abstract

  The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of displacement behavior based on various push and pull factors at the village level. The study concentrates on changes in village population during three years of civil conflict (1999—2002) in Aceh, Indonesia. The empirical analysis is based on a unique dataset from two census rounds of the Indonesian Village Potential Census (PODES). It uses data on around 5,200 Acehnese villages and relates village-level population change to conflict variables, geographic patterns, and traditional socio-economic determinants of migration. By applying quantile regressions, the push (outflow) factors and the pull (inflow) determinants of migration can also be distinguished. The authors identify the following factors as the main determinants of the Aceh migration pattern in this period. First, conflict clashes induced large rearrangements of the population between villages in highly affected districts, as well as strong village emigration from the geographically remote regions in Central Aceh towards the less conflict-affected coastal industrial areas. Besides conflict factors, an (ongoing) rural—urban migration process, driven by socio-economic factors, has taken place during the conflict period. Second, there is also evidence that security considerations, such as the presence of police in a village or neighborhood, were either emigration-reducing or immigration-inducing. Third, although the presence of ethnic Javanese has not been a primary cause of conflict incidence, their intimidation by the rebel movement has led to a significant outflow, primarily from conflict-affected villages in Central Aceh. These results reveal that, beside a conflict-induced fear of violence, population movements in Aceh have also been an outcome of traditional migration determinants.
• Czaika, Mathias
  The Political Economy of Refugee Migration
  2009 Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, volume: 229, issue: 6, pages: 803 - 821
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  Abstract

  This article examines the driving forces of the magnitude, composition and duration of refugee movements caused by conflict and persecution. The decision to seek temporary or permanent refuge in the region of origin or in a more distant asylum destination is based on inter-temporal optimization. We find that asylum seeking in Western countries is rather a phenomenon of comparatively less persecuted people. In an attempt to reduce their respective asylum burdens, Western countries and host countries in the region of origin are likely to end up in a race to the bottom of restrictive asylum policies. As an alternative, this study shows that proactive refugee-related aid transfers are, under certain circumstances, an effective instrument to relieve Western countries from asylum pressure.
  
  
   
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2008

• Czaika, Mathias
  Cheap Talk in the UN Arenas? Some Evidence on the Impact of UN Speeches on Aid Allocation Decisions¹⁵
  2008 Appl Econ Lett, volume: 15, issue: 3, pages: 187 - 191
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  Abstract

  This study examines the relationship between bilateral and multilateral aid giving patterns and the number of speeches country representatives delivered in the two core bodies of the United Nations (UN)–the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly, respectively. For the 1990s, empirical evidence indicates a financial return on voice solely for appeals addressed in the Security Council whereas the General Assembly plenary seems to be an ineffective floor for attracting international development assistance.

2005

• Czaika, Mathias
  A Refugee Burden Index: Methodology and Its Application
  2005 Migration Letters, volume: 2, issue: 2, pages: 101 - 125
• Czaika, Mathias
  Aid Allocation and Asylum Migration in the 1990s
  2005 Applied Economics Quarterly, volume: 50, issue: 3, pages: 289 - 303

Books

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2009

• Palgrave Macmillan, page: 224
  The Political Economy of Refugee Migration and Foreign Aid¹⁷
  ISBN: 9780230576889
  Czaika, Mathias
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  Abstract

  This book inquires the determinants of forced migration, describes the distribution of burdens from forced migration across countries, and analyzes the strategic interaction of national refugee policies to control refugee flows. Emphasis is put on the role of asymmetries between countries with respect to their preferences regarding immigrants, the costs incurred by immigrants, their stage of development and especially their geographical position as neighboring first asylum country or Western asylum country. Special attention is given to one policy instrument to control refugee migration flows, namely foreign aid. The book attempts to answer questions such as: What are the driving factors of forced migration movements? How can refugee burdens be assessed and compared across different types of host countries? Who are the actors in international refugee protection and management, and how do they act? And finally, how does the phenomenon of international refugee movements, and specifically how do asylum seekers, influence the aid allocation politics of Western industrialized countries?

Other publications

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2009

• Czaika, Mathias
  The Political Economy of Refugee Migration ²¹
  IEP Discussion Paper Series, University of Freiburg, issue: 7, 2009

2008

• Czaika, Mathias, Kis-Katos, Krisztina
  Civil Conflict and Displacement: Village-Level Determinants of Forced Migration in Aceh²¹
  IEP Discussion Paper Series, University of Freiburg, issue: 4, 2008
• Czaika, Mathias, Mayer, Amy
  Refugee Movements and Aid Responsiveness²¹
  IEP Discussion Paper Series, University of Freiburg, issue: 5, 2008

2006

• Czaika, Mathias
  Burden-Sharing or Migration Management? The Political Economy of Aid and Forced Migration ²²
  Working Paper, University of Freiburg, 2006
• Czaika, Mathias
  How Much to Pay for a Refugee? On the Role of Financial Transfers in Forced Migration Politics
  Working Paper, University of Freiburg, 2006